Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Fungicides on Winter Wheat - 2014
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of PGRs and fungicides on the agronomic performance of winter wheat varieties.
Results:
Lodging and stripe rust are recurring problems in winter wheat. This study was designed to determine which production issue has the most negative effect on winter wheat performance. The study was established as a split plot, randomized complete block design with three replications. The sub plot treatments consisted of seven winter wheat varieties which varied in height and susceptibility to stripe rust. The varieties included Bynum, Curlew, Decade, Jagalene, Promontory, Whetstone, and Yellowstone. The whole plot treatments consisted of foliar applications of Quilt and Palisade applied alone or in combination. A non-treated control was also included for each variety. The treatments were applied on May 30th when the crop was at early boot stage.
Despite a low level of stripe rust pressure, the main effect of fungicide was significant. The application of Quilt reduced stripe rust infection, regardless of variety, and afforded a yield increase of 11 bu/A compared to either the check or Palisade (Table 2). Significant varietal differences in susceptibility to stripe rust were observed. Decade was the most susceptible variety and had an infection level of 24.3%, while Promontory expressed the greatest resistance and had an infection level of 0.2%, regardless of fungicide treatment (Table 3). Decade benefited the most from the fungicide application (Table 4).
Plant height ranged from 35.9 inches for Whetstone to 42.7 inches for Curlew. Not surprisingly, Curlew expressed the greatest degree of lodging at 49.2 percent. The main effect of Palisade was significant, with an average height reduction of 3.0 inches. At the same time, lodging scores decreased from 16.9 % to 3.8 % percent when treated with Palisade (Table 2). However, Palisade applied alone did not improve yields compared to the non-treated check (Table 2).
Summary:
Overall, stripe rust had the greater impact on yield reductions than lodging. Therefore, the application of Quilt had a greater positive impact on grain yield.
Table 1. Materials and Methods.
| Seeding Date: | 10/1/2013 | Harvest Date: | 8/12/2014 |
| Julian Date: | 274 | Julian Date: | 223 |
| Seeding Rate: | 80 lbs/A | Soil Type: | Creston SiL |
| Previous Crop: | Peas | Soil Test: | 259-16-172 |
| Tillage: | Conventional | Fertilizer: | 9-40-10/TD 130-0-0 |
| Irrigation: | None | Herbicide: | Rimfire Max 85 g/A, Huskie 11 fl oz/A and Preference 25% v/v |
Table 2. Main effect of fungicide and PGR inputs on agronomic performance of winter wheat, Kalispell, MT - 2014.
| Input | SR % | SEP % | HD Julian |
HT in. | LOD % | YLD BU |
PRO % | TWT lb/bu |
TKW g | FN sec |
MC % |
| Check | 10.5 | 21.4 | 157 | 40.9 | 16.5 | 159.3 | 12.9 | 61.8 | 40.5 | 396.5 | 10.3 |
| Palisade | 10.8 | 23.8 | 157 | 37.9 | 6.6 | 106.1 | 13.0 | 62.1 | 40.5 | 390.2 | 10.2 |
| Quilt | 0.9 | 12.4 | 157 | 40.3 | 16.9 | 170.1 | 13.3 | 62.2 | 41.6 | 380.0 | 10.3 |
| Palisade & Quilt | 1.1 | 14.9 | 157 | 38.6 | 3.8 | 165.4 | 13.4 | 62.3 | 41.7 | 396.8 | 10.3 |
| LSD | 9.2 | 8.7 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 7.0 | 4.7 | 0.2 | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Pr>F | 0.0577 | 0.0537 | 0.0148 | 0.0070 | 0.0075 | 0.0040 | 0.0034 | 0.3835 | 0.0654 | 0.5289 | 0.7873 |
Table 3. Main effect of cultivars on agronomic performance of winter wheat, Kalispell, MT - 2014.
| Input | SR % | SEP % | HD Julian |
HT in. | LOD % | YLD BU |
PRO % | TWT lb/bu |
TKW g | FN sec |
MC % |
| Bynum | 3.8 | 11.7 | 156 | 40.9 | 14.0 | 146.5 | 14.5 | 62.2 | 39.4 | 385.9 | 10.1 |
| Curlew | 0.9 | 7.8 | 159 | 42.7 | 49.2 | 163.2 | 13.4 | 62.0 | 40.5 | 377.0 | 10.6 |
| Decade | 24.3 | 16.2 | 156 | 37.7 | 0.0 | 151.2 | 13.4 | 61.0 | 37.5 | 414.1 | 10.0 |
| Jagalene | 8.8 | 19.3 | 156 | 38.6 | 0.0 | 175.9 | 13.0 | 62.9 | 43.8 | 376.6 | 10.3 |
| Promontory | 0.2 | 13.7 | 156 | 39.4 | 0.4 | 172.9 | 11.9 | 63.0 | 42.8 | 348.6 | 10.3 |
| Whetstone | 1.0 | 25.9 | 155 | 35.9 | 0.0 | 159.2 | 13.5 | 62.1 | 40.7 | 424.1 | 10.2 |
| Yellowstone | 1.8 | 32.4 | 160 | 40.9 | 13.1 | 177.4 | 12.3 | 61.5 | 42.8 | 409.9 | 10.5 |
| LSD | 7.6 | 6.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 11.5 | 6.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 13.5 | 0.3 |
| Pr>F | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0009 |
SR: stripe rust; SEP: septoria; HD; heading; HT: height; LOD: lodging; YLD: yield; PRO: protein; TWT: test weight; TKW: thousand kernel weight; FN: falling number; MC: moisture; ns: non-significant
Table 4. Effect of fungicide and PGR on cultivar agronomic performance of winter wheat, Kalispell, MT - 2014.
| Input | SR % | SEP % | HD Julian |
HT in. | LOD % | YLD BU |
PRO % | TWT lb/bu |
TKW g | FN sec |
MC % |
| Check | |||||||||||
| Bynum | 9.0 | 14.3 | 156 | 41.6 | 26.7 | 135.3 | 14.4 | 61.8 | 39.3 | 400.8 | 10.0 |
| Curlew | 0.0 | 6.2 | 159 | 41.9 | 71.7 | 163.3 | 13.4 | 61.7 | 39.3 | 368.1 | 10.4 |
| Decade | 43.3 | 20.0 | 155 | 39.6 | 0.0 | 142.2 | 12.5 | 59.9 | 35.3 | 422.3 | 10.2 |
| Jagalene | 17.0 | 26.7 | 156 | 41.9 | 0.0 | 176.5 | 12.6 | 63.2 | 43.7 | 372.2 | 10.2 |
| Promontory | 0.0 | 19.3 | 156 | 41.7 | 0.0 | 165.9 | 11.8 | 63.2 | 42.3 | 349.5 | 10.1 |
| Whetstone | 1.7 | 25.0 | 154 | 37.9 | 0.0 | 159.2 | 13.3 | 62.1 | 41.0 | 446.5 | 10.3 |
| Yellowstone | 2.3 | 38.3 | 159 | 42.0 | 17.3 | 172.8 | 12.2 | 61.0 | 42.3 | 415.9 | 10.4 |
| Palisade | |||||||||||
| Bynum | 5.3 | 16.7 | 156 | 38.8 | 6.0 | 148.0 | 14.2 | 62.4 | 38.7 | 383.2 | 10.0 |
| Curlew | 2.7 | 10.7 | 159 | 42.5 | 40.0 | 159.3 | 13.5 | 62.0 | 39.7 | 369.3 | 10.7 |
| Decade | 48.7 | 21.7 | 156 | 35.8 | 0.0 | 139.6 | 12.9 | 60.7 | 36.0 | 410.8 | 10.0 |
| Jagalene | 16.7 | 24.0 | 156 | 37.1 | 0.0 | 172.9 | 12.6 | 63.0 | 43.0 | 367.6 | 10.2 |
| Promontory | 0.7 | 21.3 | 156 | 37.1 | 0.0 | 170.6 | 11.9 | 63.2 | 43.3 | 354.5 | 10.4 |
| Whetstone | 0.0 | 31.0 | 155 | 34.3 | 0.0 | 154.4 | 13.5 | 61.9 | 40.3 | 432.3 | 10.0 |
| Yellowstone | 1.7 | 41.3 | 160 | 39.8 | 0.0 | 175.8 | 12.3 | 61.6 | 42.3 | 413.9 | 10.4 |
| Quilt | |||||||||||
| Bynum | 1.0 | 5.3 | 155 | 42.9 | 21.7 | 151.8 | 14.9 | 62.2 | 40.3 | 386.7 | 10.0 |
| Curlew | 0.7 | 5.7 | 158 | 43.8 | 65.0 | 166.5 | 13.4 | 62.2 | 40.7 | 367.4 | 10.7 |
| Decade | 2.0 | 11.0 | 156 | 39.9 | 0.0 | 165.8 | 14.0 | 61.7 | 39.7 | 401.7 | 9.7 |
| Jagalene | 0.7 | 13.7 | 156 | 38.5 | 0.0 | 179.3 | 13.4 | 62.0 | 43.3 | 357.2 | 10.4 |
| Promontory | 0.0 | 6.7 | 156 | 40.0 | 1.7 | 181.6 | 11.9 | 63.3 | 42.7 | 344.6 | 10.4 |
| Whetstone | 0.7 | 19.0 | 155 | 35.6 | 0.0 | 163.2 | 13.5 | 62.3 | 41.3 | 407.4 | 10.3 |
| Yellowstone | 1.0 | 25.3 | 160 | 41.1 | 30.0 | 182.7 | 12.3 | 61.6 | 43.3 | 395.3 | 10.5 |
| Palisade & Quilt | |||||||||||
| Bynum | 0.0 | 10.3 | 156 | 40.2 | 1.7 | 151.0 | 14.6 | 62.4 | 39.3 | 372.7 | 10.3 |
| Curlew | 0.3 | 8.3 | 160 | 42.4 | 20.0 | 163.6 | 13.4 | 62.3 | 42.3 | 403.1 | 10.5 |
| Decade | 3.3 | 12.0 | 158 | 35.4 | 0.0 | 157.0 | 14.1 | 61.6 | 39.0 | 421.6 | 10.0 |
| Jagalene | 0.7 | 12.7 | 156 | 37.1 | 0.0 | 174.8 | 13.4 | 63.4 | 45.0 | 409.5 | 10.1 |
| Promontory | 0.0 | 7.3 | 156 | 38.6 | 0.0 | 173.3 | 12.1 | 62.5 | 42.7 | 345.9 | 10.4 |
| Whetstone | 1.7 | 28.7 | 155 | 36.0 | 0.0 | 159.9 | 13.6 | 62.1 | 40.0 | 410.2 | 10.0 |
| Yellowstone | 2.0 | 24.7 | 160 | 40.7 | 5.0 | 178.5 | 12.5 | 61.9 | 43.3 | 414.4 | 10.6 |
| LSD | 15.3 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.445 | 0.8701 | ns | 27.084 | ns |
| Pr>F | 0.0011 | 0.8934 | 0.6220 | 0.4162 | 0.1480 | 0.5108 | 0.0001 | 0.0128 | 0.2053 | 0.0272 | 0.7205 |
SR: stripe rust; SEP: septoria; HD: heading; HT: height; LOD: lodging; YLD: yield; PRO: protein; TWT: test weight; TKW: thousand kernel weight; FN: falling number; MC: moisture; ns: non-significant